by后面加什么词性?

All the statistical computations were performed by the new software system.

所有的统计计算均由新的软件系统完成。

They won by a single goal after extra time.

他们在加时赛中仅踢进一球即获胜。

They've increased the price by 50%.

他们已经把价格提高了50%。

Now I can walk to work instead of going by car.

现在我可以步行去上班，而不必开车了。

I'm always broke by the end of the month.

我总是一到月底就没钱花了。