高考单项填空题解题技巧点击

作者：胡继云

单项填空题是高考试题中一直采用的一种题型,但近年的命题原则已经转向"突出语境,强化语意,强调运用",在特定的语境中考查考生对语法、词汇的识记与理解以及语用能力。同学们在此类题目上费时较多,但得分率往往不高。因此,笔者建议同学们在做高考单项填空题时,采用以下方法,可以取得事半功倍的效果。

一、领悟语境 推敲语意

从近年高考单项填空题来看,题干信息足,语言真实、地道。答题时,我们必须要读完全部信息,整体理解,领悟语境,掌握语意,敲定答案。如:

1. -George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?

-No, I ________. Did they have a big wedding?

A. was not invited B. have not been invited

C. hadn't been invited D. didn't invite

分析:从语境看,George and Lucy是在上星期结婚了,我没去是因为我没有被邀请,"没有被邀请"应该发生在他们结婚以前,所以要用过去完成时态,答案为C。

2. -You were out when I dropped in at your house.

-Oh, I ________for a friend from England at the airport.

A. was waiting B. had waited

C. am waiting D. have waited

分析:从两个人的对话中,我们知道当"我"去"你"家拜访时,"你"不在家,而在机场等一位朋友,"在等朋友"当然要用过去进行时态,答案为A。

二、排除错项 锁定答案

在解题时,同学们要根据试题要求,结合所学知识,排除四个选项中的错误选项,缩小选择范围,锁定正确答案。如:

3. You should try to get a good night's sleep ________ much work you have to do.

A. however B. no matter what C. although D. whatever

分析:空格后是形容词,排除B 、D项,although是连词,放在这里明显不对,答案选A,因为只有however后可以跟形容词或副词。

4. I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will ________.

A. anyone B. anyone else C. no one D. no one else

分析:空格前有否定词nor,其后不能再用否定词,排除C、D项,此处的"任何其他人"应不包括"我"在内,A项也排除,答案只能选B。

三、找信息词 寻突破口

寻找信息词是解答单项填空题的重要方法之一。同学们在解题时,一定要弄清楚命题人要考查的知识点,缩小思考范围,以最快速度找到解题的突破口。如:

5. -There is coffee and tea; you can have ________.

-Thanks.

A. either B. each C. one D. it

分析:从题干中的coffee and tea,我们可以知道是从这两者中选一个,所以答案为A。

6. -Has Sam finished his homework today?

-I have no idea. He ________ it this morning.

A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done

分析:题干第二句话中的this morning是信息词,从题干语境来看,我不知道他今天的家庭作业是否做完了,但他今天上午在做,所以空格处的时态应该用过去进行时,答案为C。

四、句型结构 牢记心中

句型结构的正确掌握对语言的运用十分必要,因为,高考单项填空题少不了这类试题。碰到这类试题时,同学们要快速从题干中找到句型结构,以便做出正确选择。如:

7. To enjoy the scenery, Irene would rather spend long hours on the train ________ travel by air.

A. as B. to C. than D. while

分析:读完题干就应该能抓住此题题干句型:would ...,抓住了句型,答案自然明了,空格处应填C。

8. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________ the exam.

A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing

分析:题干主要句型是:have a (hard) time doing something "费事(劲)做某事",答案选D。

五、分析成分 解题常用

明确句子成分,特别是选项在句子中所充当的成分,对于我们做出正确选择非常有用。如:

9. I think Father would like to know ________ I've been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.

A. which B. why C. what D. how

分析:分析句子成分可知,to know后是一个宾语从句,答案非C莫属。

10. The Foreign Minister said, " ________ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace."

A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is

分析:said后面是一个宾语从句,宾语从句中的主语是that the two sides will work towards peace,空格处应该是形式主语,所以答案选D。

六、 逻辑推理 别忘用上

高考单项填空题在考查语言知识的同时,还注重对学生整体逻辑关系,特别是上下文关系把握的考查。因此,同学们在解题时,一定要理解和掌握语言的内在含义和内在的逻辑关系,只有做到这一点才能解答好此类题。如:

11. -I'm taking my driving test tomorrow.

- ________!

A. Cheers B. Good luck C. Come on D. Congratulations

分析:这是一道情景交际题,其中一人说"我明天要考驾照。"如果选A , C或D ,明显答非所问,空格处应是"祝你好运",前后语意逻辑才一致,所以答案选B。

12. You ________ be tired-you've only been working for an hour.

A. must not B. won' t C. can' t D. may not

分析:从题干第二句话中的working for an hour可以看出,"你不可能疲惫了",这样才符合前后逻辑,答案选C。