初一英语第二十一单元How many boats are there ?
章节 第二十一单元
关键词 内容
【 抛砖引玉 】
单元双基学习目标
Ⅰ. 语音学习
字母组合tr , dr , t ( e ) s , d ( e ) s的发音。
Ⅱ. 词语学习
house , men , women , child , children , work , young , at work , pioneer , Young Pioneer
Ⅲ. 语法学习
掌握名词复数的不规则变化。
man → men , woman → women , child → children
1 . Where are they ? They're at school ( home , work ) .
2 . How many boys are there ? I think there are ten .
【 指点迷津 】
单元重点词汇点拨
1 . house 房子
There is a house near the river .
Our new house is different from yours in colour .
〖 点拨 〗 house 的复数为 houses , 其读音为［&127;h?÷?÷］，house 指的是用来居住的所有建筑物，包括 room ( 房间 ) 、浴室、起居室等。
2 . women 是 woman 的复形式
I don't know how many women will come to the tea party . 我不知道有多少位妇女会来参加茶话会。
〖 点拨 〗 women 的发音比较特殊。注意其单数与复数的变化。又如：man - men男人。
3 . children 是 child 的复数形式
The children in that family are all at school . 那家的孩子们都在学校里上学。
Children of school-age must go to school . 学龄儿童必须上学。
〖 点拨 〗 注意其发音和单复数的变化。
4 . work 工作，劳动
Work hard and be a good boy . 努力学习，做个好孩子。
You should work hard at English .
What time do you go to work every day ? 每天你什么时候上班 ?
〖 点拨 〗 作 “ 工作 ” 解，work 为不可数名词。上班 go to work , 下班 after work 。 work hard at 努力干 ……
We go to work at 7：30 .
5 . pioneer 先锋
They are pioneers of our farm . 他们是我们农场的开路先锋。
〖 点拨 〗注意该词的发音和拼写。the Young Pioneers少先队员。
单元词组思维运用
1 .已经学习的介词短语回眸
in the river 在河里 / in the tree 在树上 / in the picture 在图片里 / in Row 1在第一排 / in Class 3 , Grade 1 在 1 年级 3 班 / at home 在家里 /at school 在学校里 / in the workbook 在练习册里 / on the desk在书桌上 / behind her chair在她的椅子后面 / under the chair 在椅子下面 / in her pencil - box 在她的铅笔盒里 / on the floor在地板上 / in your desk 在你的桌子里 / at Li Lei's bedroom 在李雷的卧室里 /on the wall 在墙上 /under the window 在窗下 / behind the door 在门后 / in Hebei 在河北 / in your bag 在你的书包里 ( 袋子里 ) / under your bag 在你的书包下面 ( 袋子下面 ) / on the hill 在山上 / under the black bike 在黑色的单车上 / behind the tree 在树后 / in the box 在盒里子 / on the clothes line 在晒衣绳上 / on the bed 在床上 / in the car 在轿车里 / near the river 在河边
2 . in our classroom 在我们的教室里
Who is in our classroom ? 谁在我们的教室里 ?
There is a map of China in our classroom . 我们教室里有一张中国地图。
We are having a lesson in the classroom . 我们正在教室里上课。
3 . on the teacher's desk 在讲台上
There are some flower on the teacher's desk .
4 . near the door 在门边
Don't stand near the door . 别站在门边。
The student near the door is Li Ming . 门边的那个学生叫李明。
5 . at work 在工作，在上班
She is always at work on Sundays . 她星期天总是在工作。
介词 at 在这里是 “ 从事 ”。如 What are you at ? 相当于 What are you doing ? ( 你正在干什么 ? )
二、学海导航
【 学法指要 】
单元句型思路明晰
1 . 存在句
There be + not + 主语 + 其他
There isn't any light in the room . 房里一点灯光也没有。
There aren't any lesson this morning . 今天上午没有课。
There is no fire without some smoke . 有火必有烟；有利就有弊。
Be there + 主语 + 其它 ?
Are there any apples in the basket ?
Is there a bird in the tree ?
Is there enough time for me to do all the homework ? 我要做完全部的作业时间够吗 ?
对这类句型的回答可根据实际情况选择肯定回答或否定回答。
肯定回答为：Yes there is/are .
否定回答为:No , there isn't/aren't ( any ) 。
3 . 问有多少的句型
How many + 可数名词复数 + are there + 其他 ?
How many days are there in a week ?
How many students are there in your school ?
How many policemen are there in the street ?
how many 是对可数名词进行提问，对不可数名词用 how much 。如：How much time do you spend ?
单元重点难点释疑
1 . Behind the house there is a tree . 在房子后面有一棵树。
behind the house “ 在房子后面 ” ，是介词短语作状语，一般放在句尾。有时放在句首 是为了表示强调。
例如：a . On the wall there is a map . 墙上有一幅地图。
b . Near the river there is a house . 河边有一所房子。
c . There is a cat under the tree . 树下有一只猫。
2 . Are there any birds in the picture ? 画中有鸟吗 ?
any 形容词，一般用于疑问句和否定句中，后面可接可数名词和不可数名词。例如：
a . Is there any water in the glass ? 杯里有水吗 ? ( water 是不可数名词，句中用 is , 不用 are 。 )
b . Are there any boats in the picture ? 画中有船吗 ?
c . There aren't any flowers in the picture . 画中没有花。
3 . They are at work . 他们在工作。
at work 在 “ 工作中 ” ，介词 at 在此表示状态，这是一个固定词组，在这类词级事， 名词前不用冠词。类似的还有：
at school 在上学，在求学 。 at table 在吃饭，at home在家 ，at play 在玩耍，
例如：a . My English teacher's son is at school . 我们英语老师的孩子在上学。
b . Mary and Tom are at play under the tree . 玛丽和汤姆在树下玩耍。
c . Some workers are at table . 一些工人们在吃饭。
d . My mother is at home . 我妈妈在家。
4 . Young Pioneer 少先队员
该词组是名词词组，有专有名词，所以两词的首字母都要大写。但表示几位少先队员时，不 定冠词或数词不大写。例如：a Young Pioneer 一位少先队员，ten Young Pioneers 十位少先队员，some Young Pioneers 一些少先队员
5 . What about cats ? ＝Are there any cats ? 有没有猫 ?
6 . How many boats are there in the picture ? 画上有几只 ( 多少只 ) 小船 ?
( 1 ) 在由 how many 构成的特殊疑问句中，how many 后常跟可数名词的复数形式。how many 和它后面的复数名词是一个完整的词组，不能分开。例如：
How many boys are there in your class ? 你们班有多少个男孩 ?
How many trees are there in the picture ? 画上有多少棵树 ?
( 2 ) 在回答 how many 构成的特殊疑问句时，根据具体情况有三种回答：
回答：有几个 ” ，用 There are …
回答 “ 只有一个 ” ，用 There is ( only ) one .
回答 “ 没有 ” ，用 There aren't any . 例如：
-How many boats are there in the river ? 河里有几条小船 ?
-There are five . 有五条。
-How many birds are there in the tree ? 树上有几只鸟 ?
-There's only one . 只有一只。
-How many students are there in the classroom ? 教室里有多少学生 ?
-There aren't any . 没有学生。
【 妙文赏析 】
My home
My home is in a small village near our town . The village is at the foot of a hill . The hill is very beautiful . There are many trees and flowers on it . And there is a river at the foot of the hill , too . In summer , I like swimming in the river with my friends . At home I have a good friend . It’s a dog . Its name is Huahua . Every day when I come back from school , it always comes over to me .
I like my home very much . Do you like it ? I hope I have more friends . Do you want to be my penfriend (笔友)?
赏析：作者用简朴的语言把自己的家乡描绘的令人向往。这真是：谁不说俺家乡好，稻谷飘香，鸟儿欢唱，人勤地丰，这都离不开当的好领导。
【 思维体操 】
根据短文内容，在每一个空格内填上一个词，然后判断各句对错。
This ________ a picture ________ our classroom . There ______ a door and three _______ in the classroom . Near the window there is a map . It is a map of China . There are many desks _______ chair in the classroom . There are some books on the teacher's _______ .
1 . This is a picture of our school .
2 . There is a door and two windrows in the room .
3 . There are some books on the teacher's desk .
4 . Near the window there is a picture .
5 . There is a ruler on the teacher's desk .
答案：is , of , is , windows , and , desk 1 . × 2 . × 3 . √ 4 . × 5 . ×
三、智能显示
【 心中有数 】
单元语法发散思维
A. 需要掌握的名词复数的发音
1 . 名词的复数形式
( 1 ) 以 “ 辅音字母 + y ” 结尾的名词，变 y 为 i，再加 es 。如：baby - babies , family - families ,city - cities 。
( 2 ) 不规则名词的复数形式 ( 需特别记住 )
man - men woman - women , child - children , tooth - teeth（牙） 。
( 3 ) 加 - es 构成的复数形式以及以 ce , se , ze , ( d ) ge 结尾加 - s 构成的复数形式，读［iz］。这样的单词如：buses boxes watches oranges
( 4 ) 以辅音字母 + y 结尾的词，变 y 为 i , 再加 - es , - es 读［ｚ］。例如：
baby →babies family → families
注意：如 y 前是元音字母，则只能加 - s 。例如： day → days play → plays
( 5 ) 还有少数英语单词仍保存了古英语中的复数形式，它们的构成是不规则的，发音也有相的变化。例如： man → men woman → women child → children
注意：house 的复数形式的读音应［′ｈａｕｚｉｚ］，而不是［′ｈａｕｓｉｚ］
B. There be 结构
( 1 ) there be 的否定句一般用 a 或 any 或数字。例如：
There isn't a river in the picture .
There aren't any picture on the wall .
( 2 ) there be 的一般疑问句如有 “ 一些 ” ，一定有用 any 。如：Are there any trees in front of the house ?
( 3 ) there be 的特殊疑问句
1 ) 对 there be 结构中作主语的名词提问，无论是单、复数形式，习惯用法是 What's + 某 地，中间不用 there 。例如：
What's under the desk ? There's a ball under the desk .
What's in the room ? There are many desks in the room .
2 ) 对 there be 结构中表示数量的词提问，习惯用法是：How many + 名词 ( 复数 ) + are there + 某地 ( 某时 ) 。例如：
There is only an apple on the desk .
How many apples are there on the desk ?
There are seven days in a week .
How many days are there in a week ?
【 动手动脑 】
单元能力立体检测
A. 不可数名词
1 . How many _____ can you see ?
A . milks B . a glass of milk C . glasses of milks D . glasses of milk
2 . I'd like ______ .
A . two cup of tea B . some cup of tea
C . two cups of teas D . some cups of tea
3 . Please give her ____ bowl ( 碗 ) of _____ .
A . a , rice B . a , rice C . an , rice D . two , rice
4 . They eat _____ and we eat _____ .
A . bread , meat B . breads , meat
C . bread , meats D . breads , meats
5 . Would you like _____ orange ?
A . a bottle B . a bottle of C . bottle of D . some bottle of
解析：答案为：1 . D 2 . D 3 . A 4 . A 5 . B
提示：1. mile 为不可名词，A、C 排除，B 是单数，而 how many 后面加复数名词，应选 D。 2 . tea 是不可数名词，可排除 C，A、B 中的 two 和 some 后面的名词 cup 应为复数， A、B 排除。3. rice 为不可数名词，排除 B，bowl 为单数，且以辅音［b］起首，可排除 C 和 D。 4 . bread 和 meat 都为不可数名词，排除 B、C、D。 5. A “ a bottle ” 后面少 of，C “ bottle of ” 少 a，D “ some bottle of ” 中的 bottle 应为复数。
B. 用括号里所给单词的适当形式填空，使句子意思完整。
1 . There are some ____ ( child ) over there .
2 . There _____ ( woman ) are our teachers .
3 . The_____ ( man ) in front of the house is my father .
4 . I have three new _____ ( box ) .
5 . The _____ ( baby ) are in the room .
6 . Their _____ ( watch ) are nice .
7 . There are many _____ ( class ) in our school .
8 . I can see three bottles of _____ ( orange on the table .
答案：1 . children 2 . women 3 . man 4 . boxes 5 . babies 6 . watches 7 . classes 8 . orange
C. 选择填空
1 . There are some trees ____ the river .
A . in B . at C . near D . under
2 . _____ a boat in the river ?
A . There is B . There are C . Is there D . Are there
3 . - _____ is the cat ?
- It's in the tree .
A . Where B . How C . What D . Which
4 . - Is there a clock on the table ?
- Yes , _____ .
A . it is B . it isn't C . there is D . there isn't
5 . - _____ flowers are there in your room ?
- About twenty .
A . What B . Who C . How many D . What about
6 . There are ____ under the tree .
A . a man B . some men C . any man D . any men
7 . Are there ____ flowers on the hills ?
A . some B . any C . the D . a
8 . There are some flowers ____ the house .
A . on B . behind C . of D . to
9 . How many boys _____ in your school ?
A . there is B . there are C . is there D . are there
10 . Can you see any _____ on the hill ?
A . man B . child C . women D . bird
11 . - Are there two girls in the house ?
- No , ______ .
A . they don't B . they aren't C . there aren't D . they can't
12 . They are students . They are not _____ .
A . baby B . teacher C . babies D . man
13 . - How many boats are there in the picture ?
- One . There is _____ one on the picture .
A . a B . about C . only D . not
14 . He can't go with you . He's ______ .
A . to work B . at work C . for work D . in work
15 . - How many students are there on the hill ?
- _____ .
A . There aren't any B . They don't C . They can't D . They aren't
答案：1 - 5 C C A C C 6 - 10 B B B D C 11 - 15 C C C B A
D. 句型转换
1 . There is a book in my bag . ( 改为一般疑问句 )
2 . There are some trees on the hill . ( 改为否定句 )
3 . There are two picture on the wall . ( 改为一般疑问句并作否定回答 )
4 . There are four boys in the room . ( 就画线部分提问 )
答案：1 . Is there a book in your bag ? 2 . There aren't any trees on the hill . 3 . - Are there two picture on the wall ? - No , there aren't . 4 . How many boys are there in the room ?
【 创新园地 】
通过学习there be表示存在后，请开动脑筋将下面句子排列成一段对话：
a . Whose bag is it ?
b . This pencil - box is Jim's . I think the bag is his .
c . Let's have a look in it .
d . Look ! There is a bag under the tree .
e . Oh , there's a pencil - box .
f . I don't know .
( 请同学们把你的答案反馈给我们 )
创新园地答案：1 . d 2 . a 3 . f 4 . c 5 . e 6 . b
